Essay --

Lynn, Laurence E, Jr. 2013. â€Å"America’s ‘Broken Government’: What Would James Madison Say?† Administration and Society 45.5 (July): 610–624. In the article â€Å"America’s ‘Broken Government’: What Would James Madison Say?† the author Laurence E. Lynn Jr. provides the reader with important facts about the establishment of American government and what can be done to fix its brokenness. His viewpoint is that the government is not broken, but that the people who govern are broken by not maintaining a â€Å"perfect union† or â€Å"domestic tranquility.† (611) The author’s viewpoint is based on James Madison’s contribution to the Constitution. The foundation that the Constitution was created upon has not changed; however, the way it is utilized is affected our nation. James Madison envisioned that basic governing structures, virtues, and inherent fairness for everyone would ensure that liberty and justice were sustained; however, the author states that neither competence nor virtue is certain. (613, 623) In order to provide an insight to the mindset of James Madison’s vision for the Constitution’s use in American government, Lynn uses excerpts from the Federalist to show the reader how Madison incorporated an â€Å"institutional design† to structure and guide the separated powers of our government as well as the checks and balances used to maintain order. (614) This approach made sense because the included excerpts showed that the structure of government has remained true. The author states that issues with the government arise due to the rival interests of our elected officials. He describes this as being â€Å"grid-locked† and states that the parties involved within our governing body become divided by these â€Å"id eological and interest-based† conflicts. The... ...te. These methods help him to effectively compile pertinent information from leadership literature in order to provide the reader with an article that successfully brings the ideals of leadership together. Overall, the author does a great job of providing the reader with a better understanding of how each leadership could be implemented, the advantages of each style, and what concerns may arise from a particular leadership style. Van Wart’s article serves â€Å"to provide a frame for what is constant in leadership and what is new in leadership.† This article would be beneficial for those who are â€Å"aspiring to leadership† or someone who currently holds a leadership role. (553) Van Wart inclusion of a chart makes this information easy to share at a short leadership meeting and may enlighten someone in an administrative position on how to be a more effective leader.

Restorative Justice, Social Capital, and Authentic Leadership Essay

There is a prodigious need for leaders – authentic leaders to facilitate the process of building relationships and resolving conflicts in a more effective manner as affirmative models in the capacities served. Leadership of all kinds has been coming under unprecedented attack. The inability to effectively resolve conflict is an issue impacting the relationships of past and current leaders of all realms. Opposed to using conflicts and/or crises as an opportunity to rise above the issues – becoming solution-oriented beacons for others, leaders either inappropriately fight back; hope that time will heal all wounds (conflicts); ignore the issue(s) at hand; or make unnecessary changes that further damages relationships and credibility. In an ever changing global society, authentic leaders have a great influence to empower and provide individuals with the necessary tools to resolve conflict; building social capital. Social capital is defined by making connections with one another, and keeping them going over time, people are able to work together to achieve things that they either could not achieve by themselves, or could only achieve with great difficulty (Falk & Kilpatrick, 2000). The definition of social capital intertwines with the meaning of empowerment. The state of our society is an image of the quality of our leadership. To build social capital, meaningful relationships must be established that foster accountability, competencies (resources and skills), and safety. A paradigm shift occurs when community infringements are no longer viewed only as having a punitive outcome but rather a continual restorative relationship to repair the detriment. In taking a restorative approach, authentic leadership flourishes from the w... ...Bass. Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, S. (2000). What is social capital? A study of a rural community. Socialogia Ruralis, 1(40), pp. 87-110. Gardner, J. (1990). The Nature and Tasks of Leadership. In J. T. McMahon (Ed.), Leadership Classics (pp. 171-175). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. George, B. (2007). True North: Discover your Authentic Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. George, B. (2010). Authentic Leadership. In J.T. McMahon (Ed.), Leadership Classics (pp. 574-583). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Grootaert, C., Narayan, D., Jones, V. N., & Woolcock, M. (2004). Measuring Social Capital: An Integrated Questionnaire. Washington: The World Bank. Hutchinson, M. S. (2000). Restorative justice, voluntary action and social capital: a perspective from Northern Ireland. In the Fourth International Conference of The International Society for Third Sector Research.

Andre Trocme

â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd. A shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only human beings. † Andre Trocme was born in St. Quentin, 1901, in the north of France to Huguenot parents. After seminary in Paris and graduate work at Union Theological Seminary in New York, he was ordained into the French Reformed Church and served for eight years among the coal miners and steel workers of Maubeuge and Sin-le-Noble, two small towns in the north of France. He preached nonviolence at a time when such views were unpopular in France. In 1934 Andre Trocme accepted a call to be pastor in the remote Huguenot village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon in South Central France. These parishioners were more sympathetic to his views on nonviolence. Magda Trocme (1901-1996) was born in Italy to an Italian father and a Russian mother. She graduated from the University of Florence with a degree in literature and earned further degrees in French. She and Andre Trocme met in the United States while she was attending the New York School of Social Work, and they were married in 1926. Together they had four children, Nelly, Jean-Pierre, Jacques, and Daniel. Andre Trocme was the spiritual leader of the Protestant congregation in the village of Le Chambon sur Lignon in South Eastern France. He urged his congregation in 1942 to give shelter to any Jew who asked for it. Village was soon filled with hundreds of Jews, both permanent and temporary depending on whether they were able to cross the border or not. Approx 5,000 Jews passed through Le Chambon. Vichy authorities knew what was happening for it was hard to hide. They demanded Trocme to stop but he refused and said â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd, a Shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only Human beings. † and for that he was arrested but shortly released. Andre then had to flee and hide from the Germans but the village kept his legacy and continued to shelter for the Jews. Magda Trocme was his wife and was involved in creating and maintaining this sanctuary made for the persecuted Jews. Part of Magda’s role was locating families who were willing to lodge Jewish refugees and prepared the town’s many residential schools for increased enrollment, but she was not the only one helping in this work. Community activists reported to the railroad station to receive the arriving refugees so they could then be housed by the town or taken to safer places. All these undertakings frustrated the regime’s anti-Jewish policies. Several days after august 15th, 1942, gendarmes moved into Le Chambon to â€Å"eliminate† the town of its â€Å"illegal† aliens and two weeks after that on August 30, rumors were around about an arrest warrant. Trocme urged the congregants to â€Å"do the will of God, not of men† and stressed the importance of the commandment in Deuteronomy 19:2-10 concerning the rights of the victimized and their need for shelter. There were no arrests that day, and several days later the gendarmes left the town, their mission failed. Approx 5,000 Jews passed through Le Chambon. Vichy authorities knew what was happening for it was hard to hide. They demanded Trocme to stop but he refused and said â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd, a Shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only Human beings. † In 1943, Trocme and two colleagues were arrested where he was held at a camp for 5 weeks. Commanders were trying to get him to sign an agreement that would mean following government orders, but refused and was later released but had to then flee from the Germans. Although he was gone the town still carried on without him, saving and hiding Jews lives. In the late 1940’s Andre and Magda Trocme traveled as European Secretaries for the International Fellowship of Reconciliation. On the 5th of January in 1971, Trocme and his wife, Magda were recognized for the Righteous among the nations along with 32 others from Le Chambon and in 1998 the town was given a diploma of honour for their humane gestures in the war.

Dak Son Massacre Essay

During the winter of 1967, the people of Dak Son village had no idea what was bound to transpire just mere weeks before Christmas. Unfortunately, when America said it would aid South Vietnam in their struggle to avoid and annihilate the opposing communist forces: North Vietnam and Viet Cong, they didn’t assume that such atrocities were even humanely possible during a war, which caught America more by surprise than they had expected, leaving them with no choice but to exhibit absolutely no mercy to their enemies. Thus, leaving the United States viewing the war as a way to prevent communist takeover and repeal the domino theory. So, we fast forward eight years into the war, long after both sides are seen to be nothing short of ruthless as well as practically nothing less than fearless. They seemed to be pretty evenly matched throughout quite possibly the longest, most grueling war Vietnam has ever gone through. Since the Viet Cong’s headquarters were based in the south, it gave them much more accuracy and success when planning any sort of attack because they see everything their opposition tries to hide. Eventually, the war ended up as a compilation of many, many massacres; Dak Son village being one of the of the few that had survivors give testimonies to the horrors they had to endure solely because they disagreed with communism and the possibility of this village helping some refugees of the Viet Cong escape leading them to reply with an outlandish act of complete and utter vengeance. This left the Viet Cong with no choice but to act upon the burning fiery fuchsia that is their anger. Two battalions of Viet Cong systematically killed 252 civilians with flame-throwers and grenades that week in December, a â€Å"vengeance† attack on a small hamlet less than a mile from the capital in Phuoc Long Province. Survivors of the December 6 attack said the VC (Viet Cong) shouted their intentions to â€Å"wipe out† the hamlet of Dak Son as they struck from the surrounding jungle. A local defense force of 54 men gave ground before the estimated 300 uniformed communists. The village wasn’t exactly prepared for this sort of uncalled for attack, leaving them in utter shambles upon the departure of the Viet Cong. According to the survivors, the VC (Viet Cong) ranged up and down the hamlet streets, systematically burning more than half the 150 thatched homes of the community. Two defenders were killed, four wounded and three are missing. Many of the victims were burned to death in their homes, others, who fled to underground shelters, died as flame-throwers with their napalm-based fuel, were directed into the small shelters. Other Viet Cong threw hand grenades into holes where families were covered. This was certainly a war where morals had no backup and the only thing that was relied upon was our selfish, animal instincts with how we deal the opposition who are our fellow human beings nonetheless.

Aba Putangina Nyo

BUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACTPACO (K32) Duhaylungsod, Paul Angelo, P. March 5, 2013 DECISION MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION Richard Powers and Jane Keckley, two professionals in the finance area, have worked for Eberhart Leasing for a number of years. Eberhart Leasing is a company that leases high-tech medical equipment to hospitals. Richard and Jane have decided that, with their financial expertise, they might start their own company to provide consulting services to individuals interested in leasing equipment.One form of organization they are considering is a partnership. If they start a partnership, each individual plans to contribute P2 million in cash. In addition, Richard has a used IBM computer that originally cost P148,000, which he intends to invest in the partnership. The computer has a present market value of P60,000. Although both Richard and Jane are financial wizards, they do not know a great deal about how a partnership operates. As a result, they have come to you for advice. 1.What are the major disadvantages of starting a partnership? Partnership can easily dissolve automatically when one of its partners no longer wishes to participate in the business, or is unable to. This may happen in the event of death, bankruptcy, retirement or resignation. A divorce could also force a partner to attempt to cash out his interest, since decisions are shared, disagreements can occur. A partnership is for the long term, and expectations and situations can change, which can lead to dramatic and traumatic split ups.Business partners are jointly and individually liable for the actions of the other partners and you have to consult your partner and negotiate more as you cannot make decisions by yourself therefore need to be more flexible and a major disadvantage of a partnership is unlimited liability. General partners are liable without limit for all debts cont racted and errors made by the partnership. The accounts of partnership concerns are not published so public is unaware of the exact position of the business.There is a suspicion in public mind that these concerns earn huge profits at the cost of consumers. There is no legal binding for the publication of accounts. So partnership concerns lack public confidence. No partner can transfer his share to a third party without the consent of the other partners. If a partner wants his share back it will not be possible without the approval of other partners or without dissolution of the firm. In case of a company, any shareholder can transfer his shares without affecting the working of the business.In partnership, a partner is permanently wedded to it and lastly there is a limitation in raising additional resources for expansion purposes. The business resources are limited to the personal funds of the partners. Borrowing capacity of the partners is also limited. The number of partners to be added to a business is also limited. A banking company cannot have more than ten partners and in other businesses the number of partners cannot exceed twenty. So there is a limit beyond which partners cannot be added. 2. What type of document is needed for a partnership, and what should this document contain?Article of co partnership is a written agreement prior to the formation of a business, outlining the terms of the partnership and it must contain the firm’s name, how the firm will begin and end, nature of the business operations, monetary agreements like partners investments, determination of partner salaries and distribution of profits and losses. The document must also contain decision making guidelines and authority of partners and lastly expected time contribution of partners. 3. Both Richard and Jane plan to work full-time in the new partnership.They believe that net income or net loss should be shared equally. However, they are wondering how they can provide compen sation to Richard Powers for his additional investment of the computer. What would you tell them? They should change the profit and loss ratio in favor or Richard Powers in order for them to compensate his additional investment or they can also give him a bonus as well because if they distribute the net loss or net income equally it would be unfair for him because he invested more than the other partner.Another advice I would tell them is Richard can contribute less cash and compensate with the investment of his computer therefore, the basis of the distribution of income is their beginning capital or initial investment. 4. Richard is not sure how the computer equipment should be reported on his tax return. What would you tell him? The report on his tax return regarding the computer equipment will be based or I related on his income or you can say that depending on their net income or loss dividing by the partners’ profit 5.As indicated above, Richard and Jane have worked toge ther for a number of years. Richard’s skills complement Jane’s and vice versa. If one of them dies, it will be very difficult for the other to maintain the business, not to mention the difficulty of paying the deceased partner’s estate for his or her partnership interest. What would you advise them to do? They should know the risk of entering a partnership and all of its disadvantages stated earlier but because accidents cannot be prevented they should have alternatives or options unless one of them dies early during the partnership.One option is that they could assign their respective heirs to take over the business for them or if they don’t have a child they must assign their personal choice of who they want to replace them but of course the heirs or assignees must have knowledge about what they might acquire in their shoulders like the liabilities of the previous owner, the responsibilities on handling a business. In paying the deceased partner’ s estate they could build a trust fund through their partnership that would sustain the payables if ever one of them dies so that the remaining partner would not have a difficult time in paying those interest. Aba Putangina Nyo BUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACTPACO (K32) Duhaylungsod, Paul Angelo, P. March 5, 2013 DECISION MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION Richard Powers and Jane Keckley, two professionals in the finance area, have worked for Eberhart Leasing for a number of years. Eberhart Leasing is a company that leases high-tech medical equipment to hospitals. Richard and Jane have decided that, with their financial expertise, they might start their own company to provide consulting services to individuals interested in leasing equipment.One form of organization they are considering is a partnership. If they start a partnership, each individual plans to contribute P2 million in cash. In addition, Richard has a used IBM computer that originally cost P148,000, which he intends to invest in the partnership. The computer has a present market value of P60,000. Although both Richard and Jane are financial wizards, they do not know a great deal about how a partnership operates. As a result, they have come to you for advice. 1.What are the major disadvantages of starting a partnership? Partnership can easily dissolve automatically when one of its partners no longer wishes to participate in the business, or is unable to. This may happen in the event of death, bankruptcy, retirement or resignation. A divorce could also force a partner to attempt to cash out his interest, since decisions are shared, disagreements can occur. A partnership is for the long term, and expectations and situations can change, which can lead to dramatic and traumatic split ups.Business partners are jointly and individually liable for the actions of the other partners and you have to consult your partner and negotiate more as you cannot make decisions by yourself therefore need to be more flexible and a major disadvantage of a partnership is unlimited liability. General partners are liable without limit for all debts cont racted and errors made by the partnership. The accounts of partnership concerns are not published so public is unaware of the exact position of the business.There is a suspicion in public mind that these concerns earn huge profits at the cost of consumers. There is no legal binding for the publication of accounts. So partnership concerns lack public confidence. No partner can transfer his share to a third party without the consent of the other partners. If a partner wants his share back it will not be possible without the approval of other partners or without dissolution of the firm. In case of a company, any shareholder can transfer his shares without affecting the working of the business.In partnership, a partner is permanently wedded to it and lastly there is a limitation in raising additional resources for expansion purposes. The business resources are limited to the personal funds of the partners. Borrowing capacity of the partners is also limited. The number of partners to be added to a business is also limited. A banking company cannot have more than ten partners and in other businesses the number of partners cannot exceed twenty. So there is a limit beyond which partners cannot be added. 2. What type of document is needed for a partnership, and what should this document contain?Article of co partnership is a written agreement prior to the formation of a business, outlining the terms of the partnership and it must contain the firm’s name, how the firm will begin and end, nature of the business operations, monetary agreements like partners investments, determination of partner salaries and distribution of profits and losses. The document must also contain decision making guidelines and authority of partners and lastly expected time contribution of partners. 3. Both Richard and Jane plan to work full-time in the new partnership.They believe that net income or net loss should be shared equally. However, they are wondering how they can provide compen sation to Richard Powers for his additional investment of the computer. What would you tell them? They should change the profit and loss ratio in favor or Richard Powers in order for them to compensate his additional investment or they can also give him a bonus as well because if they distribute the net loss or net income equally it would be unfair for him because he invested more than the other partner.Another advice I would tell them is Richard can contribute less cash and compensate with the investment of his computer therefore, the basis of the distribution of income is their beginning capital or initial investment. 4. Richard is not sure how the computer equipment should be reported on his tax return. What would you tell him? The report on his tax return regarding the computer equipment will be based or I related on his income or you can say that depending on their net income or loss dividing by the partners’ profit 5.As indicated above, Richard and Jane have worked toge ther for a number of years. Richard’s skills complement Jane’s and vice versa. If one of them dies, it will be very difficult for the other to maintain the business, not to mention the difficulty of paying the deceased partner’s estate for his or her partnership interest. What would you advise them to do? They should know the risk of entering a partnership and all of its disadvantages stated earlier but because accidents cannot be prevented they should have alternatives or options unless one of them dies early during the partnership.One option is that they could assign their respective heirs to take over the business for them or if they don’t have a child they must assign their personal choice of who they want to replace them but of course the heirs or assignees must have knowledge about what they might acquire in their shoulders like the liabilities of the previous owner, the responsibilities on handling a business. In paying the deceased partner’ s estate they could build a trust fund through their partnership that would sustain the payables if ever one of them dies so that the remaining partner would not have a difficult time in paying those interest.

American Sniper Essay

Once the lights dim, the screen expands, and the audience becomes silent, the greatest true story to be told is about to begin.   Chris Kyle, â€Å"Legend,† grew up in a small town in Texas with an aspiration to be a cowboy. He then realized he needed something different, more rewarding, which is when he decided to utilize his special talent by becoming a sniper in the navy SEALs. While in Iraq, Chris ventures out to protect his country from a villainous Iraqi warrior, â€Å"the Butcher.† Extremely difficult obstacles came about while in combat, but this did not stop him from reaching a record-breaking160 snipes. Kyle possessed an incredible skill set that caused his fellow soldiers to have an extreme level of respect toward him, and the nickname â€Å"Legend† was created due to their admiration. He even found himself in situations that he had to choose between protecting his country and doing what is morally correct. Almost every decision made by Chris, was one that benefited America in the greatest way. But his closest friends, small children, and even his enemies dying right in front of his eyes caused his mental state to be extremely damaged. Kyle then had to live the rest of his post-military life trying to cope with his Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Not only was this movie and story an inspiration to millions, but also very informative of the reality of war now. Clint Eastwood did a great job recreating and honoring the incredible life of Chris Kyle. Although this movie is based on a true story, all of the components in this film were put together extremely well. American Sniper is indeed a war movie, but many of the aspects in it cause it to be so much more than just action-packed battles and gory blood baths. This film is hands down one of the best creations Eastwood has ever put forth. He portrayed the story in such a way that the audience felt inspired and moved by it. Creative twists and artistic choices he decided to make for this movie truly paid off. Bradley Cooper, a well-renowned actor, plays the main role of Chris Kyle and does an astounding job. He excellently captures his true character, and allows the audience to connect on a very deep level. Cooper remains extremely suave and allows his confidence to shine through while portraying this American hero. This role entailed strenuous amounts of training, and pushing ones body to a limit it has never reached before. He was required to gain weight, become a true â€Å"Texan† with an accent, and ultimately become an inspirational hero by being extraordinarily determined and brave. Bradley did an exceptional job at taking it on. This movie was set in a sandy, run-down village in Iraq; the setting had a great impact on the story as a whole. The Iraqi village members, members of the Taliban, and the terrorists that lived in or in the surrounding area made the movie to be very suspenseful and action-packed. The sand storm that occurred at the end of the movie brought on a huge turn of events for the soldier, leading most viewers to believe he wouldn’t make it out alive. Constantly changing scenes from the peaceful home in Texas where Chris’ wife and kids lived, to the treacherous overseas battlefield, caused the movie to remain very spontaneous. The constant snipes, battles, and hardships occurring throughout the movie kept the audience very intrigued by the story. The director did an excellent job capturing the true essence of how one should feel if they were ever put in the same heart-wrenching situation. The final scenes, as well as the credits, were the most impactful. They intelligently put actual footage of events that happened after Chris’ death. This allowed the audience to truly capture the amount of respect this one man gained from thousands of people. Many people gathered in honor of this hero. After watching the movie and learning more in-depth about his story, caused others to know why. Complete silence surrounds the theater once the movie came to an end. Everyone couldn’t help but to have a moment of silence, commemorating this great hero. After a movie, at a public theater, one will never see a reaction, from almost everyone there, of this sort. The atmosphere in the theater was one of sorrow and admiration. Emotions stirred through each individual in the audience, and most had a hard time holding them in. This aspiring story  touched millions of people’s lives. The movies runtime is approximately 134 minutes, which is quite long for most people. The content of the movie was so well spread out, that the amount of the time the movie ran did not seem nearly as long as it actually is. Eastwood did such a good job entertaining his audience, that the length of the movie was not much of a factor when one watched the film. This movie received a rating of â€Å"R† due to war violence, and vulgar language. Although a large amount of people were unable to view this film because of it’s rating, it was definitely necessary for it to be included. The gory aspects and the tasteless choice of vocabulary only furthered the impact this film had on its audience. The soundtrack used in this movie was very well picked. â€Å"The Funeral†, which is the song used for the credits, is one that really impacted most people. The track is perfectly suitable for the slideshow that is shown at the credits of the film; it caused hundreds of thousands of people to shed a tear because of how emotionally impactful the song is. American Sniper received a well-deserved rating of four stars from the credible source IMDb. Another source, Roger Ebert, rated the film at four and a half stars. These well-known movie critics giving this movie such a good review, proves how successful Clint Eastwood was in the making of American Sniper. The well-done acting, special effects, script, scenery, and storyline all had a positive impact on the high rating this movie received. A lot of comparison of American Sniper and Lone Survivor has occurred. They are both about the incredible stories of an average man going on tour while apart of the military. Both men had to experience events a typical person would never want to experience. Debatably, American Sniper is a better version of Lone Survivor. Although, both brilliant, insightful stories, American Sniper was more impressive according to several audiences. American Sniper is definitely a movie to be remembered and recommended for generations on end. It is one of the greatest stories of all time, and the movie does an incredible job at portraying it. This film does Chris and his  story much justice; the theme and overall point of the film came across almost perfectly. Not one person should go without seeing this film, and miss out on the amazing story it withholds.

Cognitive Development and Limitations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cognitive Development and Limitations - Essay Example He developed a cognition theory that has four stages of development that a person progresses through as they learn and grow. These four stages are sensory motor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Through research and testing, Piaget placed an age group on each of the stages. Three to five year olds fall within the preoperational stage of development. Placing emphasis on academic work rather than social skill and self-esteem will help children progress through each stage of cognitive development. There are a few aspects of the preoperational period conducive to academic work. These aspects are symbolic function, deferred imitation, and qualitative identity. "Symbolic function is the ability to use one thing as a symbol to represent something else." (Vasta et al 268). For example, a child uses an empty box to represent car that the child is driving. They can also use words to represent that they are a cat by meowing or saying they are a cat. This developed skill can be used in the learning process for academic work. It can help lay the basic foundation for reading if the teacher cuts the letters of the alphabet out of Styrofoam and teaches that each piece represents a particular letter. The child will be able to feel and manipulate the shape and develop a representation of the shape with the letter.