XYY Syndrome Essays - Syndromes, Cytogenetics, Free Essays

XYY Syndrome Essays - Syndromes, Cytogenetics, Free Essays XYY Syndrome subject = Intro to Biology title = XYY Syndrome XYY Males XYY Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which affects males due to an extra Y chromosome. Healthy males have 46 chromosomes including one X and one Y chromosome. Men with XYY syndrome have 47 chromosomes, two of which are Y chromosomes. It is not known why the extra Y chromosome occurs. The disorder is present at birth and is estimated to occur in one out of every one thousand live births. In very rare instances, the syndrome has been passed from father to son, but in most cases heredity cannot be established. The characteristics of XYY syndrome are often very subtle and do not indicate and serious chromosomal disorder. Therefore, males with this condition are frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The primary symptoms include tall or very tall height which becomes evident at the age of five or six, and severe cystic acne during adolescence. Lower than average intelligence and/or behavioral problems, such as an explosive temper, aggressive or defiant actions, or sometimes antisocial behavior are other symptoms. Some individuals with this disorder may also have language difficulties or psychosexual problems. XYY Syndrome is often undiagnosed until tests for other medical reasons are performed. Other than being unusually tall and/or having behavioral problems, in many cases, these boys or men appear normal. Physical characteristics of XYY Syndrome may include an exceptionally long head with a slightly protrusive forehead, long hands and feet, long ears, mild indentation of the breastbone, and/or large teeth. Poor chest and shoulder muscle development is also common. Even though males with this syndrome are large, they tend to be weak and uncoordinated. Some may have a fine intentional tremor, such as shaking hands when the try to drink a glass of water. Occasionally, a bony formation across the joints in the two bones of the forearm resulting in the stiffening of the affected joints may occur. Other occasional symptoms are undescended testicles, a small penis, or an opening located on the underside of the penis. For a long time it was thought that XYY Syndrome individuals had aggressive tendencies often associated with criminal behavior due to the extra Y chromosome. Epidemiological studies suggest that one out of every 35 institutionalized male juvenile delinquents has XYY Syndrome. However, it is now believed by some researchers that this behavior is not due to the extra Y chromosome, but rather to the lower than average intelligence and education levels of these men. More research is needed to understand the role of this chromosomal abnormality on behavior.

Gods and Ducks †Get It Right

Gods and Ducks – Get It Right Gods and Ducks Get It Right Gods and Ducks Get It Right By Maeve Maddox Deus ex machina: from Mod.L. translation of Gk. theos ek mekhanes, lit. the god from the machina, the device by which gods were suspended over the stage in Gk. theaterOnline Etymology Dictionary. I heard an NPR reporter use this expression to refer to a character in the 2001 cult movie Donnie Darko. (Spoiler alert: stop reading now if you dont want to know the ending.) Anyone hearing the reporters use of the expression would have thought that it was just a fancy way of saying a supernatural force that saves someones life in a story. For those who, like me, never heard of Donnie Darko, heres the story according to a summary on IMDb: While sleepwalking, a troubled teenager named Donnie Darko meets Frank, a mysterious personage dressed in a diabolical bunny suit. That same night a jet engine crashes into the Darko house, destroying Donnies empty bedroom. Donnie feels that he was saved from death by Franks supernatural powers. At Franks instigation, Donnie commits several vicious acts of vandalism, but in the end, thanks to a time warp, Donnie is killed by the falling jet engine and the vicious acts remain undone. The NPR reporter called the man in the bunny suit a deus ex machina. Deus ex machina is a plot device. It is a character or an event introduced at the last minute to save a character or resolve the story. An author uses it because hes written himself into a corner. It is unexpected and does not arise from the logic of the story up to that point: The heros car is teetering at the edge of a cliff in a remote wilderness. The front wheels are over the abyss and the hero cant open the door to jump to safety. The hero can do nothing to save himself. Just then, out of the blue, a helpful stranger happens to drive up in a tow truck and pulls car and driver to safety. Thats deus ex machina. Donnies man in the bunny suit does appear suddenly and unexpectedly, but he doesnt resolve the story. According to the film summary, it was Donnies sleepwalking that saved him from being killed by the jet engine. Franks appearance begins a chain of events that advance the story. The plots resolution, however, arises from its internal logic and occurs when Donnie chooses to drive into the time tunnel. For some reason the reporters inexact use of deus ex machina reminded me of a political reporters misuse of the expression lame duck. After the November elections in 1996 I heard a reporter, also on NPR, refer to Bill Clinton as a lame duck President. In political terminology, a lame duck is a public official serving out his term after an election. The expression is a negative one, conveying the sense that, since the incumbent will soon be out of office, hes lost all power and influence. Clinton could have appropriately been referred to as a lame duck President after the 2000 elections, but not in 1996 when he was preparing for a second term. It could be argued that both usages described above are more or less correct, but with the vast vocabulary at their disposal, people who use words professionally can be more particular. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Deck the HallsIs Your Novel "Mystery," "Thriller," or "Suspense"?